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El Rosario (1913) de Louis Weber

Foto del escritor: cinema terere
cinema terere
5 sept
7 min de lectura

This entry is part of the Silent Movie Day Blogathon (Silent Movie Day), which this year is hosted by Lea of Silentology and Shawn of The Everyday Cinephile.


What is the Silent Movie Day Blogathon? In the words of the official website:


Silent Movie Day is an annual celebration of silent movies that anyone can take part in. We believe that silent film is a vital, beautiful, and often overlooked part of film history. Our goal is to advocate for its presentation and preservation.

This day provides an opportunity for academics, aficionados, programmers, archivists and enthusiasts to gather around their shared appreciation of this unique period in visual arts and culture. It is also a time to rally around silent film initiatives for preservation and access, as well as raise awareness of the small percentage of film that remains from this period of the motion picture industry.



The Rosary is a silent short film from the United States made in 1913, directed by pioneering filmmaker Lois Weber along with her husband Phillips Smalley.


Lois Weber
Lois Weber


Lois Weber was one of the pioneering women of American cinema. Raised in a middle-class Christian family in Pennsylvania, she possessed a unique sensitivity that she knew how to translate onto celluloid in a masterful way. The Rosary (1913) is no exception. The film was inspired by a popular song of the same name, composed by Ethelbert Nevin and Robert Cameron Rogers*. The song’s lyrics appear in the intertitles and set the rhythm of the narrative. This one-reel film (15 min) tells a tragic love story about two people who love each other but are soon separated by life: he goes off to fight in the American Civil War; she remains behind, waiting endlessly and praying with her rosary.



I strongly recommend watching it before reading any further. It’s available for free on YouTube!




The first thing we see in the film is the image of a rosary arranged in a circle, filling both the width and height of the frame. This is followed by what is known, according to a concept coined by Noël Burch, as an “emblematic shot”; that is, a shot that exists somewhat apart from the narrative, primarily in order to provoke a reaction, often by breaking the fourth wall.



For example, the best-known emblematic shot is that of the outlaw in Edwin S. Porter’s The Great Train Robbery (1903)*, toward the end of the film, when he fires his gun directly at the camera. In Lois Weber’s case, however, she takes the idea even further: she places the emblematic shot at the very beginning, using it to introduce the subject matter and establish the tone of the film. Against a black background, and employing a subtle acting style, we see Weber’s husband, Phillips Smalley, playing the main character in The Rosary. With an utterly grief-stricken expression, he raises a rosary while staring directly into the camera. This shot tells us: “What you’re about to see is a great melodrama.”




*The famous emblematic shot from Edwin S. Porter’s The Great Train Robbery (1903).

The truth is that this kind of subtle acting was not common at the time, since many actors came from the theater and vaudeville (where, because of the physical distance between performers and spectators, expressions had to be exaggerated) and early films were generally shot in full shots, meaning that performances also had to be highly expressive. People at the time literally paid to see the person/character from head to toe, not merely a fragment of them* (“Why would I spend my cents just to see a head?!”). But here Weber and Phillips understood that, because this was a medium shot and therefore brought the character closer to the spectator, the gestures had to be subtle. In just a few seconds, that look of pain breaking the fourth wall, together with the way he caresses the rosary, turns this shot into something incredibly powerful and utterly captivating.


*Full shots predominated during this period: D. W. Griffith’s The Lonely Villa (1909).
*Full shots predominated during this period: D. W. Griffith’s The Lonely Villa (1909).

After such a captivating introduction, you might think the film is going to become just another movie built around conventional framing (but it doesn’t). What you end up seeing is a visual approach that was completely disruptive for its time and, if you’ll allow me to say it, perhaps even today. Through the circular shape of the rosary that I mentioned at the beginning, we will see the entire story unfold: the whole film is reframed within the circle formed by the rosary.




Proselytism was the driving force (at least in her early films) behind Weber’s cinema, and here it is expressed poetically, through a mise-en-scène that is a balm for the eyes and reveals an understanding of cinematic language that seems almost unimaginable (at least to me) for that period. One might expect enormously long intertitles spelling out the film’s message; instead, Weber works on two planes through the use of depth of field: what happens behind the main characters, who occupy the foreground, also tells the story


Notice the use of depth of field... Pay attention to how the shot is composed at the beginning and at the end: Beautiful, three-act structure in one single shot


The arrival of the soldiers coming to summon the man to war, as they ride their horses toward the right side of the frame; during the war, when he is found wounded, things are also happening in the background; when she is at the convent, an image of the Virgin Mary can be seen behind her. It is magnificent.


Another great use of depth of field that gives the scene a strong sense of realism—notice the nurse in the background

And then there is the ending: the two of them are reunited, but their reunion can never go beyond a look. Weber separates them with a WALL and also places them at different heights: she, now a nun, is closer to heaven; he, a man scarred by war, occupies a more earthly plane. The short film closes perfectly with the same emblematic shot of the man, only this time he kisses the cross, while a gigantic cross gradually appears through a dissolve, becoming the final image of the film.



En Español


Lois Weber fue una de las mujeres pioneras del arte cinematográfico en los Estados Unidos. Criada en el seno de una familia cristiana de clase media de Pensilvania, contaba con una sensibilidad única que sabía plasmar en el celuloide de una manera magistral. El Rosario, de 1913, no es la excepción. La película está inspirada en una canción popular homónima de la época, compuesta por Ethelbert Nevin y Robert Cameron Rogers*. La letra de la canción aparece en los intertítulos y marca el pulso de la trama. Este film de un único rollo (15 min) cuenta una trágica historia de amor entre dos personas que se aman, pero que pronto serán separadas por la vida: él se va a la Guerra Civil estadounidense; ella se queda en la eterna espera, rezando con su rosario.

Recomiendo fervientemente verla antes de seguir. ¡Está disponible gratis en YouTube!

Lo primero que vemos en la película es la imagen de un rosario acomodado de forma circular, ocupando el ancho y el largo del plano. Seguido de esto, aparece lo que es conocido, según el concepto acuñado por Noël Burch, como un “plano emblema”; es decir, un plano que se encuentra, de alguna manera, aislado de la narrativa, principalmente para provocar una reacción, generalmente rompiendo la cuarta pared.

Por ejemplo, el plano emblema más conocido es el del bandido de Asalto y robo al tren (1903), de Edwin S. Porter*, hacia el final del film, cuando el bandido dispara a cámara. En el caso de Lois Weber, decide ir más allá: este plano emblema lo coloca al principio y sirve para introducir la temática y establecer el tono de la película. Con un registro actoral sutil, sobre un fondo negro vemos al marido de Weber, Philips Smalley, interpretando al personaje principal de El Rosario, levantando un rosario, con el rostro totalmente afligido y mirando a cámara. Este plano nos dice: “Lo que están a punto de ver es un gran melodrama”.

*El famoso plano emblema de Asalto y robo al tren (1903), de Edwin S. Porter.

Lo cierto es que el registro actoral sutil no era lo común en esa época, porque muchos de los actores venían del teatro, del vaudeville —donde, por la lógica de la distancia con los espectadores, las expresiones debían ser exageradas—, y los primeros films se filmaban con planos enteros, por lo que había que ser sobreexpresivo. Literalmente, la gente en esa época pagaba para ver a la persona/personaje de pies a cabeza, no un fragmento* (“¡¿Por qué yo gastaría mis centavos para ver solo la cabeza?!”). Pero acá Weber y Philips entendieron que, al tratarse de un plano medio, más cercano, los gestos debían ser sutiles. En solo unos pocos segundos, esa mirada de dolor que rompe la cuarta pared y la caricia al rosario convierten a este plano en algo poderosísimo y totalmente cautivador.

*Los planos enteros primaban en esta época: The Lonely Villa, de D. W. Griffith (1909).

Después de esa cautivadora introducción, pensás que la película va a ser una más, con un encuadre clásico, pero no. Terminás viendo un apartado visual completamente disruptivo para la época y, si me permiten, hasta para hoy en día. A través del rosario en forma circular que mencioné al principio veremos toda la historia: toda la película va a estar reencuadrada por el círculo que forma el rosario.

El proselitismo era el motor —por lo menos al principio— del cine de Weber, y en este caso está plasmado de una manera poética, con una puesta en escena que es un bálsamo para los ojos y que da cuenta de un entendimiento del lenguaje cinematográfico impensado —al menos para mí— en esa época. Uno esperaría unos intertítulos larguísimos bajando línea; Weber, en cambio, hace un trabajo de dos niveles con la profundidad de campo: lo que sucede detrás de los personajes principales, que están en el primer nivel, también narra.

La llegada de los soldados para convocar al hombre a la guerra, mientras avanzan hacia la derecha en sus caballos; durante la guerra, cuando lo encuentran herido, en el fondo también suceden cosas; cuando ella está en el convento, al fondo se ve un cuadro de la Virgen. Es magnífico.

Y el final: el reencuentro entre ellos dos, pero que no podrá ir más allá de una mirada. Weber los divide con un MURO y los coloca también en diferentes alturas: ella, convertida en monja, más cerca del cielo; él, un hombre marcado por la guerra, en un plano más terrenal. El corto cierra perfecto con el mismo plano emblema del hombre, pero esta vez besando la cruz, y con una cruz gigante apareciendo mediante un fundido encadenado, siendo la última imagen de la película.


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